Fibrosarcoma is a rare type of soft tissue sarcoma that develops in the fibrous connective tissues of the body. It primarily affects the tendons, ligaments, and deep soft tissues around bones and muscles. Though it can occur in any part of the body, it is most commonly found in the legs, arms, and trunk.
Fibrosarcoma arises when fibroblast cells, which are responsible for producing connective tissue, grow uncontrollably. These abnormal cells form a tumor, which can invade nearby tissues and, in some cases, spread to other parts of the body (metastasis).
A malignant tumor of fibrous connective tissue.
Commonly affects adults and young children.
Can occur in the bones or soft tissues.
May metastasize to lungs, bones, or other organs if left untreated.
Early detection and prompt treatment improve prognosis.
The exact cause of fibrosarcoma is unknown, but certain factors may increase the risk of developing this cancer.
Genetic mutations – Alterations in specific genes may contribute to tumor growth.
Radiation exposure – High-dose radiation therapy can increase the likelihood of fibrosarcoma.
Previous cancer treatments – Radiation or chemotherapy for other cancers may raise the risk.
Inherited conditions – Genetic syndromes like Li-Fraumeni syndrome or Gardner syndrome may predispose individuals to sarcomas.
Chronic irritation or injury – Long-term tissue damage may play a role in the development of fibrosarcoma.
Fibrosarcoma symptoms depend on the location and size of the tumor.
A painless lump or swelling – Usually in the limbs or trunk.
Pain or tenderness – When the tumor presses on nerves or tissues.
Limited mobility – If the tumor affects joint movement.
Unexplained fractures – In cases where the tumor weakens bones.
Fatigue and weight loss – In advanced stages.
Fibrosarcoma is categorized based on age and tumor location.
Develops in newborns and young children.
Often slow-growing and less aggressive.
Has a better prognosis with appropriate treatment.
Occurs in adults between 30-60 years.
More aggressive and likely to spread.
Requires intensive treatment.
Several tests are performed to confirm fibrosarcoma and determine its extent.
Physical Examination – To check for lumps, swelling, and tenderness.
Imaging Tests:
X-ray – Identifies bone involvement.
MRI & CT scans – Determine tumor size and spread.
PET scans – Detect distant metastasis.
Biopsy – Tissue sample is analyzed under a microscope to confirm malignancy.
Genetic Testing – Identifies specific gene mutations linked to fibrosarcoma.
Treatment depends on tumor size, location, and spread.
The primary treatment for fibrosarcoma.
Aims to remove the tumor completely while preserving function.
Limb-sparing surgery may be performed instead of amputation.
Uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells.
Often used before or after surgery to reduce recurrence risk.
Drug treatment to kill or slow cancer cell growth.
More effective in high-grade or metastatic fibrosarcomas.
Focuses on specific cancer cell pathways to inhibit growth.
Limited options but advancements are being researched.
The prognosis of fibrosarcoma depends on early detection and treatment response.
Localized fibrosarcoma – 70-80% five-year survival rate.
Regional spread – 40-60% survival rate.
Distant metastasis – Drops to less than 30%.
Tumor size and location – Smaller tumors have better outcomes.
Cancer grade – Low-grade tumors are less aggressive.
Response to treatment – Successful surgery and therapy improve survival.
While fibrosarcoma cannot always be prevented, certain measures may reduce risk.
Avoid excessive radiation exposure – Especially in childhood.
Monitor for genetic predisposition – If family history suggests risk.
Early detection of lumps – Seek medical attention for persistent swelling.
Healthy lifestyle choices – Maintain a balanced diet and regular exercise.
Coping with fibrosarcoma involves physical and emotional adaptation.
Follow-up care – Regular check-ups to monitor for recurrence.
Physical therapy – Helps regain strength and mobility.
Pain management – Medications and supportive care reduce discomfort.
Support groups and counseling – Emotional support is essential.