Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that develops in the breast tissue. It is one of the most common cancers worldwide, affecting both women and, in rare cases, men. Early detection and timely treatment can significantly improve survival rates and outcomes.
Breast cancer begins when cells in the breast grow uncontrollably. It can start in different parts of the breast, including the ducts, lobules, or connective tissue. Some breast cancers grow slowly, while others spread rapidly to other parts of the body.
Most common cancer in women – Though rare in men, it can still occur.
Early detection is crucial – Mammograms and self-examinations help identify it early.
Different types and stages – Some are slow-growing, while others are aggressive.
Treatment varies – Options depend on type, size, and spread of the tumor.
The exact cause of breast cancer is unknown, but several factors increase the risk.
Genetics – Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes increase susceptibility.
Family history – Having close relatives with breast cancer raises the risk.
Hormonal factors – Prolonged exposure to estrogen and progesterone.
Age – Risk increases with age, especially after 50.
Lifestyle factors – Smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity.
Radiation exposure – Previous radiation therapy to the chest area.
Breast cancer symptoms vary, and some women may not notice any signs early on.
Lump in the breast or underarm – Often painless and firm.
Changes in breast shape or size – One breast appearing larger or swollen.
Nipple changes – Inversion, discharge, or crusting.
Skin changes – Redness, dimpling, or thickening of the breast skin.
Persistent breast pain – Unexplained discomfort or tenderness.
Breast cancer is classified based on where it starts and how it behaves.
Non-invasive cancer confined to the milk ducts.
High chance of successful treatment if detected early.
Most common type, starting in the milk ducts and spreading to other tissues.
Begins in the lobules and can spread to surrounding areas.
Lacks estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors.
More aggressive and difficult to treat.
Characterized by high levels of HER2 protein, leading to rapid cell growth.
Rare but aggressive, causing redness and swelling instead of a lump.
Advanced cancer that has spread to other parts of the body.
Early detection improves the chances of successful treatment.
Mammogram – X-ray imaging to detect lumps or abnormalities.
Ultrasound – Helps determine if a lump is solid or fluid-filled.
MRI Scan – Provides detailed images of breast tissue.
Biopsy – A sample of tissue is examined for cancer cells.
Treatment depends on the type, stage, and patient’s overall health.
Lumpectomy – Removes only the tumor and some surrounding tissue.
Mastectomy – Full or partial removal of the breast.
Uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and prevent recurrence.
Involves strong drugs that kill rapidly growing cancer cells.
Can be administered before or after surgery.
Blocks estrogen or progesterone to slow hormone-sensitive cancer growth.
Focuses on specific proteins like HER2 to stop cancer cell growth.
Helps the immune system attack cancer cells, especially in triple-negative cases.
Survival rates vary depending on cancer type and stage.
Early-stage detection – High survival rate with prompt treatment.
Advanced-stage cancer – Lower survival rates but improving with new treatments.
Triple-negative and HER2-positive – More aggressive, requiring intensive treatment.
Tumor size and spread – Smaller tumors have better outcomes.
Receptor status – Hormone-positive cancers respond better to treatment.
Overall health and response to treatment – A strong immune system improves recovery.
Routine screenings – Mammograms help in early detection.
Healthy lifestyle choices – Regular exercise and a nutritious diet.
Limiting alcohol and tobacco use – Reduces the risk of breast cancer.
Genetic testing and counseling – Helps those with a family history.
Hormone therapy awareness – Consult doctors about hormone-based medications.
Managing breast cancer requires medical care, lifestyle adjustments, and emotional support.
Regular follow-ups – Monitor for recurrence and side effects.
Physical activity – Helps with recovery and reduces stress.
Balanced diet – Supports overall health and treatment effectiveness.
Support groups – Provides emotional and mental strength.