Brain cancer refers to the presence of malignant tumors in the brain that grow and spread aggressively. These tumors interfere with brain functions, including memory, movement, and cognitive abilities. Unlike benign tumors, malignant brain tumors invade nearby tissues and can be life-threatening.
Brain cancer can originate in the brain (primary brain cancer) or spread from other parts of the body (secondary or metastatic brain cancer). The severity of the disease depends on its type, size, and location within the brain.
Highly aggressive – Brain cancer tends to grow and spread rapidly.
Affects people of all ages – Though more common in older adults, it can also develop in children.
Symptoms vary – Depending on the tumor’s location, symptoms may affect movement, speech, vision, or cognitive functions.
Requires immediate medical attention – Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for better outcomes.
The exact causes of brain cancer remain unclear, but several risk factors can contribute to its development.
Genetic mutations – Abnormal changes in DNA can trigger uncontrolled cell growth.
Family history – Individuals with a family history of brain cancer may have a higher risk.
Radiation exposure – High levels of radiation from therapy or environmental sources.
Weakened immune system – Certain conditions or medications that suppress immunity.
Chemical exposure – Contact with industrial toxins and carcinogens.
Brain cancer symptoms vary depending on tumor size, type, and location.
Persistent headaches – Often severe and worsening over time.
Seizures – Sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain.
Vision problems – Blurred or double vision, vision loss.
Nausea and vomiting – Unexplained and persistent.
Difficulty with balance and coordination – Problems walking or standing steadily.
Cognitive decline – Memory loss, confusion, and difficulty concentrating.
Speech difficulties – Slurred speech or trouble finding words.
Weakness or numbness – Especially on one side of the body.
Brain cancers are classified based on the type of cells involved.
The most aggressive and common form of brain cancer.
Rapidly growing and difficult to treat.
Develops from star-shaped glial cells called astrocytes.
Can range from slow-growing to highly malignant.
Arises from oligodendrocytes, which produce the brain’s protective myelin.
Often found in the frontal and temporal lobes.
Common in children, affecting the cerebellum (movement and coordination).
Tends to spread through cerebrospinal fluid.
Develop in the lining of the brain’s ventricles and spinal cord.
Can block cerebrospinal fluid flow, leading to pressure buildup.
Originates in other parts of the body (lungs, breast, kidneys) and spreads to the brain.
More common than primary brain tumors.
Early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment.
Neurological exam – Evaluates coordination, reflexes, and cognitive function.
MRI and CT scans – Provide detailed images to locate and assess the tumor.
Biopsy – A tissue sample is taken for laboratory analysis.
PET scan – Detects cancer activity and spread.
Treatment depends on tumor type, size, location, and the patient’s overall health.
Craniotomy – Surgical removal of the tumor.
Minimally invasive techniques – Endoscopic and laser surgery for deep-seated tumors.
External beam radiation – Targets cancer cells with high-energy beams.
Stereotactic radiosurgery (Gamma Knife) – Delivers precise radiation doses.
Uses anti-cancer drugs to kill or slow tumor growth.
Can be administered orally, intravenously, or directly into cerebrospinal fluid.
Focuses on specific molecules responsible for tumor growth.
Fewer side effects compared to chemotherapy.
Boosts the immune system to attack cancer cells.
Still in experimental stages for brain cancer.
The prognosis varies based on tumor type, location, and response to treatment.
Glioblastoma – One of the most aggressive types, with lower survival rates.
Lower-grade tumors – Higher survival rates with successful treatment.
Metastatic brain cancer – Survival depends on the primary cancer source and overall health.
Tumor location – Some areas of the brain are harder to treat.
Patient’s age and health – Younger, healthier patients respond better to treatment.
Extent of surgical removal – The more tumor removed, the better the prognosis.
Healthy lifestyle choices – Balanced diet and regular exercise.
Avoiding unnecessary radiation exposure – Limiting radiation from medical imaging.
Managing stress – Maintaining mental health to support overall well-being.
Genetic counseling – Helpful for those with a family history of brain cancer.
Coping with brain cancer requires medical care and lifestyle adjustments.
Regular medical check-ups – Monitor tumor progression and treatment effects.
Physical therapy – Helps regain mobility and strength.
Nutritional support – Maintaining a balanced diet for energy and recovery.
Emotional support – Counseling and support groups for mental well-being.